Based on the insights of Jeremiah Josey, founder of The Thorium Network
The world stands at a pivotal moment in energy history. As the limitations of fossil fuels become increasingly apparent and the urgency of climate change accelerates, investors are searching for solutions that offer both scale and sustainability. The most compelling opportunity emerging from this convergence of challenges and opportunities is not in the familiar realms of solar or wind, but in the realm of Liquid Fission Thorium Burners—a technology that promises to transform the energy landscape in ways that are both profound and enduring.
This report examines the dual nature of this investment opportunity: the short-term momentum driven by existing infrastructure and market dynamics, and the long-term generational wealth that can be captured through strategic positioning in the emerging Thorium-based energy ecosystem. By understanding both time horizons, investors can make informed decisions that position them at the forefront of the next energy revolution.
The Short-Term Reality: Momentum and Market Dynamics
The foundation of the current energy investment landscape is being shaped by several powerful forces. The global demand for reliable, 24/7 baseload power is surging, driven primarily by the insatiable appetite of artificial intelligence and data centers. This demand creates a clear and immediate market need that existing energy sources struggle to meet. While renewable energy sources like solar and wind have made significant strides, they are inherently intermittent and require massive storage solutions to provide consistent power. This limitation makes them less suitable for the high-demand, high-reliability applications that define the modern digital economy.
In this context, Fission stands out as the only scalable, zero-carbon solution capable of meeting these demands. The market is already responding to this reality. The Liquid Fission Thorium Burner technology, while still in its developmental stages, is benefiting from the momentum of the broader Fission energy sector. This momentum is driven by several key factors:
Energy Security and Geopolitical Stability: As nations seek to reduce their dependence on volatile fossil fuel markets, the ability to generate energy from a domestically controlled fuel source becomes a strategic imperative. This has led to increased government support and investment in Fission technologies, creating a favorable policy environment.
Supply Chain Dynamics: The global supply of conventional uranium is constrained by years of underinvestment in mining. This structural deficit creates upward pressure on uranium prices, which in turn drives demand for alternative fuel cycles like Thorium. The Liquid Fission Thorium Burner offers a path to leverage this demand by utilising a fuel cycle that is more abundant and potentially more secure.
Market Capitalisation and Valuation: The existing Fission energy market, including companies involved in fuel production, enrichment, and reactor operations, has seen significant capital appreciation. This creates a positive feedback loop where increased investment attracts more capital, further fuelling growth.
This short-term momentum provides a critical window of opportunity. It validates the fundamental need for reliable, clean energy and creates a market environment where the benefits of Fission technology are being recognised and rewarded. For investors, this means that the Liquid Fission Thorium Burner is not just a speculative venture, but an investment in a market that is already demonstrating strong demand and favorable economic conditions.
The Long-Term Vision: Generational Wealth and Technological Leadership
While the short-term momentum is significant, the true value of the Liquid Fission Thorium Burner lies in its long-term potential. This technology represents a fundamental shift in how we generate and manage energy, with implications that extend far beyond simple electricity production. The long-term vision is one of generational wealth, built on the foundation of technological leadership and strategic advantage.
The Liquid Fission Thorium Burner is not merely an incremental improvement on existing Fission technology. It is a paradigm shift. By utilising Thorium as a fuel source, this technology offers several key advantages that position it to become the cornerstone of future energy systems:
Inherent Safety and Proliferation Resistance: The Liquid Fission Thorium Burner operates on a fundamentally different principle than traditional solid-fuel reactors. Its liquid fuel design allows for passive safety features, meaning that in the event of a malfunction, the reaction naturally shuts down without the need for external intervention. This inherent safety reduces the risk of catastrophic accidents and eliminates the need for complex, expensive safety systems. Furthermore, the Thorium fuel cycle produces minimal amounts of long-lived radioactive waste and is inherently resistant to nuclear weapons proliferation, making it a more secure and politically viable option.
High Energy Density and Fuel Efficiency: Thorium is a remarkably energy-dense fuel. A single ton of Thorium can produce as much energy as several thousand tons of coal or millions of gallons of oil. This high energy density translates into a significant reduction in fuel transportation and storage requirements, as well as a lower environmental footprint. The Liquid Fission Thorium Burner can also be designed to efficiently consume existing nuclear waste, effectively turning a liability into a valuable resource.
Scalability and Global Applicability: The Liquid Fission Thorium Burner is designed to be scalable, from small, modular units suitable for remote communities to large, centralised power plants. This scalability allows for flexible deployment in a wide range of environments, from developing nations seeking to build their energy infrastructure to industrialised nations looking to decarbonize their grids. The technology’s ability to operate in a wide range of climates and conditions makes it a truly global solution.
Economic Viability and Long-Term Returns: The combination of inherent safety, high fuel efficiency, and low operational costs creates a highly attractive economic model. The Liquid Fission Thorium Burner can generate significant returns on investment over its long operational life, often exceeding 50 years. This long-term stability provides a reliable source of income for investors and a predictable source of energy for consumers.
The long-term vision is not just about generating electricity. It is about creating a new industrial paradigm. The Liquid Fission Thorium Burner has the potential to revolutionise not only the energy sector but also industries that rely on high-temperature process heat, such as hydrogen production, desalination, and industrial manufacturing. By providing a reliable, zero-carbon source of high-temperature heat, this technology can enable the decarbonization of entire sectors of the global economy.
The Convergence of Short-Term and Long-Term Opportunities
The true power of the Liquid Fission Thorium Burner lies in the convergence of short-term momentum and long-term vision. The current market dynamics create a favorable environment for the development and deployment of this technology. The demand for reliable, clean energy is real and growing, and the existing Fission energy market is already demonstrating the economic viability of the sector.
This momentum provides a critical window of opportunity for investors to position themselves in the emerging Thorium ecosystem. By investing in the Liquid Fission Thorium Burner now, investors can capture both the short-term gains from the market’s recognition of Fission’s value and the long-term rewards of being at the forefront of a transformative technology.
The Liquid Fission Thorium Burner represents a unique investment opportunity that combines the immediate benefits of a growing market with the long-term potential of a technology that could reshape the global energy landscape. For investors seeking to build generational wealth, this is not just an investment in energy—it is an investment in the future of civilisation. The time to act is now, as the world moves towards a new era defined by clean, safe, and abundant energy.
Resources
This post is based on the experience of Jeremiah Josey founder and chairman of The Thorium Network. He gave the details of this in a presentation to over 1000 investors in Hong Kong. You can see that post here on our Patreon.
A Presentation by Founder Jeremiah Josey to 1000 Chinese Investors, Hong Kong, September 2023
China’s nuclear transformation is one of the most important, yet misunderstood, energy stories of the 21st century—and it was at the heart of a presentation Jeremiah Josey delivered to around one thousand Chinese investors in Hong Kong in September 2023. Speaking not as an armchair commentator but as a long‑time energy and project advisor, he argued that China’s nuclear strategy is not just an engineering program; it is a generational wealth and sovereignty project in which Chinese capital has a unique first‑mover advantage.
China’s nuclear moment
In the presentation “Hot or Not? Investing in Nuclear,” Jeremiah set out the case that nuclear power is the most strategic, scalable energy platform for the 21st century and that China is positioning itself as its global champion. At the time of his talk, China operated around 55–60 nuclear units with roughly 57 GW of capacity and had declared plans to expand this to about 150 GW by 2030, a growth trajectory unmatched anywhere else in the world.
For the Hong Kong audience, many of whom were already familiar with landmark projects such as the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant, he emphasized that this expansion is not a publicity exercise but a continuation of the same disciplined, infrastructure‑led development that produced China’s high‑speed rail network—already some 40,000 km in 2023 and targeted to reach around 200,000 km by 2035. Nuclear sits in that same category of long‑lived, nation‑defining assets that underpin industry, trade, and geopolitical leverage.
From 5% to the backbone of global energy
Jeremiah framed China’s nuclear build‑out against the background of global energy demand and the limitations of the current system. Today’s worldwide nuclear fleet of roughly 440 reactors provides about 5% of total world energy and around 10% of electricity, a surprisingly small share given nuclear’s role in some national grids. Total world energy demand is on the order of 600 exajoules per year—about half for transport and half for electricity and heat—meaning that nuclear, at roughly 30 exajoules, is only scratching the surface of what is physically and economically possible.
He then outlined a thought experiment: to supply all global energy needs with conventional solid‑fuel uranium reactors would require on the order of 10,000 large plants (1,000–5,000 MW each), or about 100,000 small modular units (100–300 MW each), numbers that sound vast until compared with the approximately 2,400 coal‑fired power stations already operating worldwide. For Chinese investors accustomed to thinking in industrial scale, this reframed nuclear not as an exotic niche, but as a realistic backbone for global energy—one where China’s early and aggressive build gives it industrial and financial leadership.
Why nuclear suits China’s model
One of the central themes of Jeremiah’s talk was that the usual Western objections to nuclear—high costs, long build times, intractable regulation—simply do not apply in the same way in China. In the West, he noted, nuclear projects are hampered by fragmented regulation, politicized permitting, and well‑funded anti‑nuclear campaigns that funnel hundreds of millions or even billions of euros and dollars annually into lobbying against fission. In China, by contrast, alignment between industrial policy, regulators, and state‑owned enterprises allows for standardized designs, repeat builds, and disciplined cost control.
He highlighted that build costs that are considered unmanageable in Europe or North America are entirely workable in China, where supply chains, project management discipline, and political commitment support serial construction. In this environment, nuclear’s economic profile looks particularly attractive: high upfront capital followed by decades of low, stable operating costs, especially for fuel. For a 5,000 MW plant, Jeremiah used figures on the order of €5 million per installed megawatt, implying roughly €25 billion in capital expenditure, and then showed how, at high capacity factors and realistic power prices, such a plant can generate multi‑billion‑euro annual cash flows over lifetimes of up to 50 years or more.
He also reminded the audience that China already has examples of nuclear assets designed for very long service lives, and that global precedent—such as U.S. plants licensed for 80 years—shows how nuclear can become a quasi‑permanent part of the industrial landscape. This combination of scale, longevity, and policy alignment makes nuclear a natural fit for China’s development model, in his view.
The logistics and fuel advantage
Jeremiah devoted a notable portion of the Hong Kong presentation to the sheer physical advantage nuclear fuel offers—an advantage that plays directly to China’s strengths in logistics and large‑scale planning. He contrasted the sprawling, tanker‑heavy fossil fuel supply chain with the compactness of uranium logistics. At current consumption levels, he explained, a single large bulk carrier similar to the Cape Ace could theoretically carry the entire world’s annual uranium requirement. Even if the world shifted entirely to uranium‑based nuclear power, perhaps twenty such ships would suffice, compared with more than 2,000 crude oil tankers that now criss‑cross the oceans.
He also pointed out that the global uranium market is surprisingly small—on the order of only a few tens of thousands of tonnes per year and a market value of roughly single‑digit billions of euros—compared with the multi‑trillion‑dollar fossil fuel complex. Yet, because uranium is so energy‑dense, replacing the entire fossil fuel market with nuclear fuel would require annual uranium spending of perhaps around USD 140 billion, versus over USD 5 trillion spent on fossil fuels today. That translates to fuel cost savings on the order of 97% for the same delivered energy, a number that captured the attention of an audience trained to look for large, structural cost differentials.
For China, Jeremiah argued, this means the opportunity to secure and manage a compact, strategic fuel supply chain, with far fewer geopolitical choke points and shipping risks than oil and gas. It also opens a long‑term industrial opportunity in enrichment, fuel fabrication, recycling, and advanced fuel cycles—fields where Chinese firms and research institutes are already active
China and the next nuclear wave: Liquid Fission Thorium
While much of the talk acknowledged the importance of today’s solid‑fuel uranium reactors, Jeremiah’s message to Chinese investors focused strongly on where he believes the real technological and financial upside lies: liquid fission, and especially liquid Thorium fuel in molten salt reactors.
He revisited the history of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) at Oak Ridge in the 1960s, which ran successfully at around 8 MW from 1965 to 1969 and produced a comprehensive 434‑page technical report summarizing more than two decades of research by tens of thousands of staff. The MSRE, he noted, was described by its own engineers as “the most boring experiment ever” because it did exactly what it was designed to do, with no surprises or crises. Yet this line of development was shut down in the early 1970s, as political and strategic considerations in the United States favored once‑through solid fuel cycles aligned with weapons‑grade material production.
For the Hong Kong audience, the key point was not the historical injustice, but the opportunity it creates today. Technologies that were effectively “nixed” in the West are now being revived and advanced in China. Jeremiah highlighted the 2 MW Liquid Fission Thorium machine in Wuwei, Gansu province—a modern‑era re‑run of the MSRE concept, backed by international collaboration on high‑temperature materials and corrosion‑resistant alloys. This project signals that China is not content to simply replicate Western light‑water reactor designs but aims to leapfrog into a new generation of reactors with inherently safer characteristics and potentially superior economics.
He also mentioned that when modern artificial intelligence systems have been tasked with designing the “best possible” nuclear machine under given constraints, they independently converge on Liquid Fission Thorium architectures similar to those pioneered at Oak Ridge in the 1960s. For investors, this convergence—between historic experimental success, current Chinese industrial capability, and modern computational design—suggests that Liquid Fission Thorium is not an exotic side bet but a likely candidate for the core of future nuclear fleets.
Safety, perception, and China’s opportunity
Jeremiah did not sidestep the safety debate; instead, he sought to reframe it for an audience whose country is still building out its nuclear fleet. He reminded investors that the three most famous nuclear incidents—Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima—have shaped global perception far more than they deserve based on actual casualty numbers. Three Mile Island caused zero deaths or injuries from radiation, and the remaining unit continued operating for decades after the incident. Chernobyl, while a serious industrial accident, resulted in on the order of a few dozen immediate deaths, and three other reactors at the same site kept running for years. Fukushima, despite the enormous social and economic disruption, did not produce deaths from radiation exposure.
He also cited the work of radiation oncologists and researchers involved with the Chernobyl Tissue Bank who initially expected to find widespread radiation‑induced illness but ultimately found far less than feared, leading some to change their stance from anti‑ to pro‑nuclear. For China, which is designing and regulating new reactors in the 21st century rather than retrofitting mid‑20th‑century plants, this evidence base allows for a more rational, data‑driven approach to safety standards and public communication.
Jeremiah argued that by building modern reactors with inherently safer designs and by basing radiation limits on empirical data rather than Cold War fears, China can avoid the extreme over‑regulation that has crippled nuclear expansion in the West. This does not mean compromising safety; it means aligning regulation with real‑world risk, thereby reducing costs and delays without accepting unacceptable hazards.
Nuclear as China’s long game
For the investors in the Hong Kong room, many of whom manage large pools of patient capital, Jeremiah framed China’s nuclear strategy as part of a much larger macroeconomic and geopolitical shift. He outlined a world in which conventional oil has effectively peaked, U.S. shale is dependent on cheap debt and high prices, and Western governments face rising debt burdens and inflationary pressures as they struggle to maintain the existing energy‑financial order.
Against that backdrop, he suggested, nuclear offers China a way to secure:
Long‑term, low‑cost, low‑carbon energy for its industries and cities.
Strategic independence from volatile oil and gas markets.
Exportable infrastructure and expertise in both conventional and advanced reactors.
A platform for global influence, as other countries seek partners for their own nuclear programs.
He also noted that demographic trends in Africa and Asia—regions projected to add around two billion people between now and 2050—will drive enormous demand for reliable, affordable electricity. Nations that can offer turnkey nuclear solutions, from financing and design to fuel management and decommissioning, will play a central role in how that demand is met. China, with its existing fleet, proven build capability, and emerging leadership in liquid fission research, is well‑placed to become that provider.
In closing the Hong Kong presentation, Jeremiah challenged the audience to decide whether they wished to be “following investors,” chasing crowded trades in fashionable renewables, or “foundational investors,” backing the assets and technologies that will form the bedrock of the world’s energy system for the next century. For him, the answer was clear: China’s nuclear program—especially as it moves from solid uranium to Liquid Thorium—represents one of the most consequential foundational investments of our time, and Chinese investors are sitting at the epicentre of that opportunity.
See the presentation here that Jeremiah Josey gave in Hong Kong September 2023, with selected screen shots from the event. Photographic imagery courtesy of CLSA. No infringement intended, all rights belong to the respective owners.
Article by Jeremiah Josey, founder of The Thorium Network. Dated 13 December 2025
The website whatisnuclear.com/thorium-myths.html presents a series of arguments that attempts to cast doubt on the viability and advantages of Thorium-based Fission technology. We won’t dwell on the psychological tactics used—such as answering a different question to the headline “myth” or relying on technical jargon to create an aura of authority. They’re unnecessary distractions. And we don’t need to. Recent developments, particularly in China, have decisively demonstrated that the supposed technical hurdles previously cited are not only surmountable but are actively being overcome. China’s progress in Thorium Liquid Fission Burner (LFTB) technology reveals a future where energy independence is not just a goal, but a reality that will reshape global energy dynamics.
Addressing the “Myths” with Chinese Achievements
Myth #1: Thorium Burners were cancelled due to economics, not weapons. China’s Thorium Fission programme, launched in 2011 by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has shown that with sustained investment and state support, economic barriers can be surpassed. The country has not only constructed a complete industrial supply chain for Thorium Fission machines but has also achieved the world’s first conversion of Thorium into uranium-233 within a their LFTB called “TMSR-LF1”. This achievement marks a pivotal step toward self-sustaining Fission cycles, driven by strategic energy security rather than mere economics. Link
Myth #2: Thorium Burners never need enrichment. While initial fissile material is required to start the process, China’s TMSR-LF1 machine has successfully bred uranium-233 from Thorium, proving that self-sustaining cycles are achievable. This milestone is a major leap toward reducing dependence on enriched uranium, making Thorium Liquid Fission Burners a cornerstone of China’s long-term energy strategy. Link
Myth #3: Thorium Burners cannot make bombs. The claim that Thorium Burners could be used to produce weapons-grade material is categorically false. The process of separating protactinium-233 from the fuel solution is technically complex, highly detectable, and practically impossible to achieve covertly. Moreover, the presence of uranium-232 and its intense gamma radiation makes handling and weaponisation not only hazardous but effectively unfeasible. China’s approach to Thorium Fission prioritises civilian energy and employs strict safeguards, ensuring that weaponisation is not a realistic concern. Link
Myth #4: Thorium is more abundant, but that’s not important. China’s discovery of over 1 million tons of Thorium and the mapping of 233 Thorium-rich zones highlight its strategic significance for energy security. For a country with limited uranium, Thorium’s abundance is not just important—it is essential. China’s road map targets commercial deployment by 2029, aiming to secure energy independence for hundreds of thousands of years. This will dramatically reduce China’s reliance on fossil fuels and lead to a significant decline in global demand for coal and oil. Link
Myth #5: Thorium Burners don’t uniquely make safer waste. China’s TMSR produces far fewer long-lived transuranic elements, and its waste decays much faster than that of conventional Fission machines. The technical capability for online fission product removal and passive safety is being proven in real-world operation, making Thorium Liquid Fission Burners a leader in reducing Fission waste hazards. Link
Myth #6: Thorium Burners and molten salt machines are the same thing. China’s programme combines both, but the advances in metallurgy and materials—such as the development of specialised alloys for molten salt environments—are critical. The United States historically restricted sales of Hasteloy N, a key material for liquid fission machines, to control technology spread. China has now overcome this by developing its own high-performance alloys, supported by Australia ensuring supply chain independence and technological leadership. Link
China’s Energy Independence and Global Impact
China’s Thorium Fission programme is not just about technological advancement; it is about energy independence for hundreds of thousands of years. The end of fossil fuels for China is in sight, and considering the country’s massive energy consumption, this will lead to a dramatic decline in global demand for coal and oil. China’s progress in Liquid Fission Thorium Burner technology is setting a new benchmark for advanced energy solutions worldwide, with the potential to transform global energy markets and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Link
Australia’s Role in Supporting China
Australia has played a crucial role in supporting China’s Thorium Fission ambitions. Under the leadership of Professor Adi Paterson, Australia has become a key partner in the development and supply of Thorium and advanced materials for Liquid Fission Machines. This collaboration not only strengthens bilateral relations but also positions Australia as a vital contributor to the global shift toward sustainable energy solutions. Link
China’s achievements in Thorium Fission Burner technology have decisively refuted the notion that Thorium-based Fission is impractical or hindered by insurmountable technical challenges. The technical hurdles cited by critics globally are being overcome, and China’s progress is setting a new benchmark for advanced energy solutions worldwide. The future of energy is not just about technological innovation but about strategic independence and global sustainability. Link
Article by Jeremiah Josey, founder of The Thorium Network
A big sigh of relief as Japan finally kicks out the western phobia of clean, safe #fission energy. It’s taken 14 years but they’ve made it.
No one died from the minor incident that occurred at #TEPCO‘s #Fukushima#Daiichi#Nuclear Power Plant when the wave of water hit them on 11 March 2011. Yet the world shivered under their collective blankets when the lights went out on that bed time evening those many moons ago.
Japan has now found their torch – powered by #uranium and #plutonium – and again today they bravely find their way to the toilet in the middle of the night. The west seems intent on using bedpans…
There’s a silver lining to this story even brighter than the fission future Japan is turning back on. And that silver is Thorium. Just a few miles away, #China has been steadfast producing reliable secure Thorium energy for almost as long. And Japan is noticing.
Without the fanfare of hype from both sides.
🇯🇵 Japan’s Thorium Awakening: Inside Their Molten‑Salt Ambitions
Japan’s next-gen nuclear vision isn’t just about restarting reactors — it’s about rethinking what fission energy can be. While others fretted, Japan quietly doubled down on research that could transform nuclear safety, waste, and abundance.
At the heart of this is a Liquid Fission Thorium burner (LFTB) ambition.
1. Some MSR & Thorium Roots in Japan
• Japan’s research into MSRs actually has historical depth: IAEA‑sponsored work has looked at Th–233U cycles for molten salt reactors, including their use for transuranic waste reduction.
• At Kyoto University and other Japanese institutions, there have been proposals to build molten salt reactors using Thorium, such as the FUJI Molten Salt Reactor.
• According to Mitsui Strategic Studies, Japan is re-evaluating liquid fission as a technology for sustainable domestic resources.
Bottom line: Japan’s Thorium‑LFTB work is real.
2. Partnerships & Research Focus
Japanese research institutions (universities, national labs) are exploring critical MSR‑related technologies, like:
• Neutronic modeling of Th‑232 → U-233 cycles
• Materials that resist corrosion in hot molten salts
• Reactor vessel designs optimised for safety in earthquake-prone regions
• Online salt circulation and reprocessing concepts.
These partnerships help lay the foundation for a future Thorium-based industry.
3. Conceptual Thorium Burner for Waste Recycling
One of the most attractive ideas in Japanese MSR research is using Thorium‑salt reactors to burn transuranic waste (plutonium and other actinides) produced by conventional light-water reactors. This would:
• Reduce long-lived nuclear waste
• Generate clean energy
• Operate at low pressure, improving safety (no risk of steam‑pressure explosions)
• Use passive safety features.
🇨🇳 China’s Thorium LFTB: The Quiet Competitor
While Japan is preparing, China is already moving.
• Their TMSR‑LF1 liquid fission machine (2 MW thermal) received an operating licence in June 2023.
• This reactor achieved first criticality on October 11, 2023.
• In November 2025, SINAP (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics) announced the first successful conversion of Thorium to uranium fuel inside this machine, with a conversion ratio of 10%.
• The TMSR‑LF1 design uses a fuel mix including under‑20% enriched uranium-235 and about 50 kg.
Message us if you want to see more detail about the efforts of these countries into Liquid Fission Thorium Burner technology – without doubt the best thing ever for humanity and our precious planet earth.
You can see the original article that promoted our work here on our Telegram channel:
King Mohammed VI Invites Thorium Network President Jeremiah Josey to Present Bold Plan: Replace USD 8B Annual Fossil Fuel Imports with Nuclear Hydrogen by 2035
In April 2025, Jeremiah Josey, President of The Thorium Network, received an invitation from the Institut Royal des Études Stratégiques (IRES) on behalf of His Majesty King Mohammed VI to present a transformative vision for North Africa’s energy future. At the international conference “The Future of Nuclear Power in the World and in Morocco: Challenges of Integration into the National Energy Strategy,” Mr. Josey unveiled a bold, evidence-based road-map for how Morocco can leverage its vast nuclear fuel reserves to achieve complete energy independence, economic transformation, and regional leadership in clean energy innovation.
Watch the brief introduction by Jeremiah Josey introducing Thorium to Morocco
The core message was revolutionary yet grounded in geological fact: Morocco sits atop 30,000 tonnes of Thorium and 7 million tonnes of uranium — reserves that could power the nation for thousands of years. Rather than continuing to import USD 8 billion worth of fossil fuels annually, Morocco can harness these domestic resources through Liquid Fission technology, a safer, cheaper, and more sustainable form of nuclear power that eliminates long-term radioactive waste, operates without water cooling, and produces the high-temperature heat necessary for green hydrogen production, industrial processes, and medical isotope manufacturing.
“Morocco doesn’t need to import energy. It holds the key to its own energy sovereignty — in its soil. The question is not whether thorium can power Morocco’s future. The question is how quickly Morocco can seize this opportunity.”
Who Was There: Global Nuclear Leaders Align on Morocco’s Energy Future
The April 24–25, 2025 conference at Morocco’s Institut Royal des Études Stratégiques brought together an unprecedented assembly of international nuclear authorities, world-leading energy companies, and Morocco’s entire government energy sector. This convergence of institutional power signals a historic moment: the alignment of global nuclear expertise with Morocco’s strategic commitment to energy independence through thorium, liquid fission technology, and green hydrogen production.
International Nuclear Authority & World’s Largest Nuclear Operator
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) — the UN’s nuclear authority — sent senior leadership including Ms. Aline DES CLOIZEAUX, Director of the Nuclear Power Division, and Ms. Molly-Kate GAVELLO, Nuclear Project Officer. Their presence validates Morocco’s nuclear strategy at the highest international level and signals IAEA support for Morocco’s energy transition pathway.
EDF (Électricité de France) — the world’s largest nuclear operator and France’s energy giant — was represented by Mr. Laurent FABRE, Head of Business Development for Africa. EDF’s participation demonstrates confidence in Morocco’s nuclear potential and positions the nation as a strategic partner for Europe’s clean energy future. France’s proven model of 75% nuclear electricity provides the blueprint for Morocco’s transformation.
Newcleo — a leading developer of next-generation Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and liquid fission technology — sent Mr. Angelo BEATI, Director of Global Innovation and Special R&D Projects. Newcleo’s presence represents the cutting edge of nuclear innovation: Gen-IV reactors that operate at 750°C, require no water cooling, and produce zero long-term waste.
French Government Strategic Partnership
France’s Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) — the nation’s nuclear authority — was represented by Mr. Frank CARRÉ, Former Director and current adviser to the Director of Energy, and Mr. Jacques PENNEROUX, Expert in Radiation Protection and Risk Management. France’s direct government participation signals bilateral nuclear cooperation and technology transfer commitment to Morocco.
Complete Moroccan Government Energy Sector Alignment
Every major Moroccan energy institution was present, demonstrating unprecedented government alignment:
ONEE (National Office of Electricity) — Morocco’s primary energy utility
Ministry of Energy Transition and Sustainable Development — Government energy policy authority
Masen (Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy) — Renewable and sustainable energy strategy
CNESTEN (National Center for Nuclear Energy, Sciences, and Techniques) — Nuclear research and development
Moroccan Agency for Nuclear and Radiological Safety and Security — Nuclear regulatory authority
IRESEN (Research Institute for Solar Energy and New Energies) — Renewable energy research
Academic & International Expert Network
MINES Paris – PSL Research University, Hassan II Academy of Sciences and Technology, and Women in Nuclear International provided scientific validation and professional expertise. International nuclear experts including Khammar MRABIT (former IAEA Director of Nuclear Safety) and Chirayu BATRA (Advanced Reactors Expert) presented cutting-edge research and global best practices.
What This Assembly Means
This convergence of international nuclear authority (IAEA), world’s largest nuclear operator (EDF), advanced reactor technology innovators (Newcleo), French government partnership (CEA), and complete Moroccan government alignment signals that Morocco’s nuclear energy transition is not aspirational — it is strategically committed, internationally validated, and technologically ready for deployment.
The presence of these organisations represents billions in combined nuclear expertise, decades of operational experience, and cutting-edge innovation. Morocco is not entering nuclear energy as an experiment — it is joining a global community of proven nuclear leaders committed to decarbonisation, energy independence, and economic transformation.
Immediate Action Catalyst
The presentation by Mr. Josey catalysed immediate action at the event:
A Memorandum of Understanding was reached with a global leader in Small Modular Fission (SMF) technology (under NDA),
A member of the Moroccan senate agreed to support,
Plans where laid out for 200 MW industrial mining and processing centre powered by Fission energy. This isn’t theoretical — it’s happening.
Why Thorium? The Strategic Case for Advanced Nuclear Energy in Morocco
Thorium-based Liquid Fission technology represents a fundamental breakthrough in nuclear energy. Unlike conventional uranium reactors, Thorium systems offer Morocco a unique combination of economic, environmental, and strategic advantages:
90% Cost Reduction — Liquid Fission thorium costs approximately USD 10/MWh versus USD 60/MWh for conventional uranium nuclear and USD 50–60/MWh for fossil fuels
Zero Long-Lived Radioactive Waste — Unlike uranium reactors that produce waste requiring 10,000+ years of storage, Thorium systems produce minimal residual waste with manageable half-lives
High-Temperature Output (~750°C) — Enables direct industrial applications: hydrogen production via high-temperature electrolysis, ammonia synthesis, steel production, and desalination
No Water Cooling Required — Critical for Morocco, a water-stressed nation; Liquid Fission operates at atmospheric pressure without competing for scarce water resources
100% Fuel Burnup — Achieves complete utilisation of nuclear fuel, eliminating waste and maximising energy extraction
Blockchain-Tracked Medical Isotopes — Enables secure, transparent tracking of medical-grade isotopes for cancer therapy and diagnostics
Supercritical CO₂ Turbines — Delivers ultra-efficient power generation with compact, modular designs suitable for distributed energy systems
Fuel Flexibility — Can utilise Thorium, uranium, and even recycled nuclear fuel, providing strategic energy security
These advantages position Thorium not as an alternative to renewable energy, but as the essential complement that makes Morocco’s clean energy transition economically viable and technically feasible.
Morocco’s Energy Crisis: The Urgent Case for Transformation
Morocco’s current energy situation is unsustainable. The nation spends USD 8 billion annually importing fossil fuels — primarily oil, coal, and natural gas — while suffering an additional USD 1.1 billion in annual air pollution costs (approximately 1% of GDP). This represents a massive economic drain that diverts capital from education, healthcare, and infrastructure development.
Current Energy Consumption Breakdown (~1 Exajoule/Year)
Fossil Fuels: >90%
Transport sector: 25% (primarily liquid fuels for vehicles) — USD 6B/year in oil imports
Electricity generation fuel input: 40% (coal at USD 1.5B/year, natural gas at USD 0.5B/year)
Solar Energy: ~0.6% (1.5 GW installed, 13% capacity factor)
Biomass: <1%
Nuclear Energy: 0% (currently non-existent in Morocco’s energy portfolio, despite massive fuel reserves)
This energy portfolio creates multiple vulnerabilities: price volatility in global oil markets, geopolitical dependence on energy suppliers, environmental degradation from coal and oil combustion, and limited economic competitiveness due to high energy costs. Morocco’s population of 37 million, with a GDP of USD 150 billion, cannot afford to remain dependent on imported fossil fuels. The nation needs a strategic pivot toward domestic energy resources.
Morocco’s Untapped Nuclear Treasure: Thorium and Uranium Reserves
Morocco possesses exceptional nuclear fuel resources that could provide energy security for millennia — yet these reserves remain largely undeveloped:
Uranium Reserves: 7 Million Tonnes
Energy Supply Potential: Approximately 6,500 years of energy independence (without breeding or reprocessing)
Global Context: Morocco ranks among nations with the world’s most significant uranium deposits
Current Status: Largely unexploited; represents a strategic reserve for future energy security
Thorium Reserves: 30,000 Tonnes
Energy Supply Potential: Approximately 1,000 years of energy independence (without breeding or reprocessing)
Advanced Utilisation: When fully utilised in advanced Liquid Fission burners, Thorium delivers extraordinary energy density — 79,000,000 MJ/kg compared to petroleum’s 40 MJ/kg
Strategic Value: Thorium is 3–4 times more abundant than uranium globally, making it the ideal long-term fuel for sustainable nuclear energy
To contextualise this energy wealth: Morocco’s Thorium reserves contain more usable energy than all the oil reserves in the Middle East. This is not a minor resource — it is a strategic asset comparable to oil wealth for energy-producing nations, yet with the advantage of domestic availability and zero geopolitical dependence.
Morocco’s Nuclear History: Seven Decades of Scientific Foundation
Morocco’s engagement with nuclear science and technology spans more than 70 years, establishing a foundation of expertise and institutional capacity:
1950s: Initial nuclear applications in medical, agricultural, and industrial sectors; establishment of nuclear research programs
1980s: Sidi Boulbra identified as a suitable nuclear facility site; comprehensive feasibility studies conducted by IAEA and French engineers
1980: Section 123 Agreement signed with the United States, establishing bilateral nuclear cooperation framework
2001: Renewed Section 123 Agreement with the USA, reinforcing long-term nuclear cooperation commitment
2003: Establishment of the Maamora Nuclear Research Centre with a 2 MWt TRIGA reactor
2009: TRIGA reactor becomes operational at La Maamora in Kenitra; Morocco confirms nuclear energy as part of national energy strategy
2015: IAEA International Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) Program supports development of a 1 GW nuclear facility (representing approximately 10% of Morocco’s current grid capacity)
2022: New research reactor planned in partnership with Rosatom (Russia), advancing Morocco’s nuclear capability
This institutional history demonstrates that Morocco is not entering nuclear energy as a novice. The nation has decades of experience with nuclear science, established regulatory frameworks, trained personnel, and proven partnerships with international nuclear authorities. The infrastructure for nuclear expansion already exists; what is needed is strategic commitment and capital investment.
Global Energy Context: Lessons from Germany, China, and France
Germany’s Renewable Transition: A Cautionary Tale
Germany’s experience with renewable energy deployment provides critical lessons for Morocco’s energy planning. Despite investing over €1.5 trillion in renewable infrastructure, Germany has achieved:
No Significant CO₂ Reduction — Emissions have plateaued despite massive renewable investment
Doubled Energy Prices — Electricity costs have increased dramatically compared to nuclear-powered France
Industrial Competitiveness Crisis — Energy-intensive industries are relocating due to high electricity costs
Coal and Nuclear Paradox — Coal power plants are being reactivated to compensate for renewable intermittency and Germany actively buys surplus energy from nuclear neighbour France.
Nuclear Reconsideration — Germany is now reconsidering nuclear energy as essential to its energy transition
The German experience demonstrates that renewables cannot achieve decarbonisation goals. Intermittency creates grid instability, requiring either expensive battery storage, fossil fuel backup, or nuclear baseload power. Morocco must learn from Germany’s costly mistakes and design an integrated energy system combining nuclear baseload with renewable generation.
China and Russia: The Nuclear Construction Advantage
China and Russia have demonstrated the economic and technical advantages of streamlined nuclear development:
Construction Cost: China builds nuclear plants at approximately USD 2 million per installed MW, compared to USD 5–10 million/MW in Western nations
Construction Timeline: Chinese and Russian projects are completed in 5–7 years, versus 10–15+ years for Western projects
Regulatory Efficiency: Streamlined regulatory processes avoid the consultancy overhead that inflates Western nuclear costs
Technology Transfer: Both nations offer proven reactor designs and fuel cycle technology to partner nations
Morocco’s strategic partnerships with China and Russia for nuclear deployment offer significant cost advantages unavailable through Western suppliers, making large-scale nuclear expansion economically feasible.
France: The Nuclear Success Model
France demonstrates that high nuclear penetration is achievable, economically viable, and compatible with industrial competitiveness:
Nuclear Energy Share: 75% of electricity generation
Energy Security: Achieved through domestic nuclear capacity; minimal fossil fuel dependence
Decarbonisation: Lowest carbon electricity in Europe
Energy Prices: Competitive electricity prices despite high labour costs
France’s model proves that nuclear energy enables both decarbonisation and economic competitiveness — a pathway Morocco can replicate.
Morocco’s Renewable Energy Infrastructure: Ouarzazate Solar Power Station Case Study
Morocco’s most significant renewable energy investment — the Ouarzazate Solar Power Station (Noor نور) — provides valuable lessons about the economics and limitations of solar energy in North Africa:
Economic Analysis: Why Solar Costs More Than Nuclear
The dramatic difference between nameplate capacity (580 MW) and firm supply (133 MW) illustrates the fundamental intermittency challenge of solar technology. The 23% capacity factor reflects Morocco’s solar resource availability and operational realities. When compared to nuclear alternatives, the cost differential is striking:
Ouarzazate Solar: USD 68 million per useful-MW
CAP1000 (China): ~USD 2 million per MW (90% capacity factor)
VVER1200 (Russia): ~USD 5.5 million per MW (90% capacity factor)
Over a 100-year lifecycle, this cost differential becomes catastrophic. Solar panels require 100% replacement every 20–25 years; wind turbines need entire overhauls every 20 years; battery storage systems require replacement every 10–15 years. Nuclear plants operate for 60–80+ years with minimal equipment replacement. The Ouarzazate project’s total lifetime cost approaches USD 160 billion, while an equivalent nuclear facility would cost USD 78–105 billion — a USD 55–82 billion savings over the asset’s lifespan.
However, the Ouarzazate project did provide valuable experience with molten salt thermal storage technology, which has direct applications for advanced Liquid Fission machines operating at 750°C.
Morocco’s Hydrogen Economy: USD 32.5 Billion in Approved Projects
Morocco has already committed to substantial green hydrogen and ammonia production projects, positioning itself as a regional clean energy exporter. These projects demonstrate that Morocco’s energy transition is not theoretical — it is already underway:
Major Projects Under Development
Dahamco Ammonia Project (Dakhla)
Investment: USD 25 billion USD
Location: Dakhla, Morocco (Western Sahara region)
Production Capacity: 1 million tonnes of ammonia per year
Timeline: Operational by 2031
Market Focus: Export-oriented (primarily European markets)
Land Requirements: Up to 30,000 hectares for renewables and electrolysis infrastructure
OCP Group Green Ammonia Facility (Tarfaya)
Investment: USD 7 billion USD
Location: Near Tarfaya, Morocco
Phase 1 Production: 1 million tonnes per year by 2027
Phase 2 Production: 3 million tonnes per year by 2032
Land Requirements: Up to 30,000 hectares for renewables and electrolysis infrastructure
Total Approved Investment: USD 32.5 Billion USD
These projects represent Morocco’s commitment to becoming a global clean energy exporter. However, they also highlight a critical challenge: renewable-powered electrolysis is intermittent, matching renewable generation patterns. Nuclear-powered electrolysis could operate continuously, enabling 24/7 hydrogen production and reducing electrolyzer capital costs per unit of hydrogen produced.
Strategic International Partnerships
Morocco’s hydrogen strategy involves partnerships with major international players:
UAE: TAQA (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) — capital and expertise
China: UEG (United Energy Group) and China Three Gorges — technology and construction
European Union: TotalEnergies, Engie, Acwa Power — technology transfer and export market access
Additional Partners: Multiple additional projects in development with international strategic partners
Hydrogen Production Technologies: Cost Analysis and Strategic Options
Morocco’s hydrogen economy requires understanding the diverse production methods, their costs, and their strategic advantages:
Hydrogen Production Methods and Cost Comparison
Production Method
Cost Range (USD/kg)
Technology Status
Strategic Notes
Steam Methane Reforming
0.5 – 3.5
Mature
Lowest cost; depends on natural gas prices; produces “grey” or “blue” hydrogen with carbon capture
Alkaline Electrolysis
2.0 – 6.0
Mature
Proven technology; cost depends on electricity prices and electrolyzer capital costs
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
2.0 – 6.0
Mature
Flexible operation; higher capital costs; suitable for variable renewable power
Solid Oxide Electrolysis (High-Temperature)
2.0 – 6.0
Emerging
Potential for waste heat integration; improves efficiency with high-temperature nuclear heat
Green Hydrogen (Renewables-Based Electrolysis)
3.0 – 7.0
Mature
Depends on renewable electricity cost, electrolyzer CAPEX, and capacity factor; intermittent production
High-Temperature Electrolysis (Nuclear-Powered)
>4
Emerging
Potential for cost reduction to ~USD 2/kg by 2026 (DOE target); requires stable, continuous heat source
Thermochemical (Solar/Nuclear)
3.5
Emerging
Not yet commercial; requires high-temperature heat source
Methane Pyrolysis
1.0
Laboratory
Emerging breakthrough; produces high-value graphene byproduct; requires stable continuous power
Strategic Hydrogen Production Pathway for Morocco
Near-Term (2025–2030): Green hydrogen via renewable-powered electrolysis (USD 3–7/kg)
Long-Term (2035+): Methane pyrolysis with nuclear heat (USD 1/kg) + graphene byproduct production
Strategic Synergies: Why Nuclear and Renewables Are Complementary, Not Competitive
The most critical insight from Jeremiah Josey’s presentation is that nuclear energy and renewable sources are not competitors but essential complements that create strategic synergies:
How Nuclear Complements Renewables
Baseload Power Supply: Nuclear provides consistent, 24/7 power generation independent of weather conditions, enabling grid stability
Grid Stability: Stable nuclear output balances intermittent renewable generation, reducing need for expensive battery storage
Hydrogen Production: Continuous nuclear power enables consistent hydrogen production via electrolysis, eliminating intermittency limitations
Capacity Factor Advantage: Nuclear plants operate at 90%+ capacity factors, compared to solar (13–23%) and wind (30–40%)
The combination of nuclear power with methane pyrolysis could produce hydrogen at approximately USD 1/kg while generating valuable graphene byproducts — creating a profitable, sustainable hydrogen economy.
Thorium (fully utilised in advanced liquid fission burners): 79,000,000 MJ/kg
The energy density of thorium, when fully utilised in advanced Liquid Fission burners, is approximately 179,000 times greater than petroleum products and 658,000 times greater than ammonia. This extraordinary energy density explains why Thorium reserves of only 30,000 tonnes can power Morocco for 1,000 years.
Liquid fission reactors using eutectic salt fuel represent an advanced nuclear technology with significant advantages over conventional solid-fuel reactors:
Operational Advantages
No Water Required: Eliminates water cooling requirements, enabling deployment in arid regions like Morocco
Low Pressure Operation: Operates at atmospheric pressure, reducing containment requirements and safety risks
100% Fuel Burnup: Achieves complete utilisation of nuclear fuel, eliminating waste and maximising energy extraction
Zero Long-Term Waste: Eliminates long-term radioactive waste storage requirements; residual waste has manageable half-lives
Fuel Flexibility: Can utilize thorium, uranium, and recycled nuclear fuel, providing strategic energy security
High Operating Temperature: Operates at approximately 750°C, enabling high-temperature applications (hydrogen production, industrial heat, desalination)
The elimination of water cooling requirements is particularly significant for Morocco, a water-stressed nation in North Africa. Liquid fission technology enables nuclear power generation without competing for scarce water resources — a critical advantage for a semi-arid country facing increasing water scarcity due to climate change.
Comparative Cost Analysis: Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)
Technology
Cost (USD/MWh)
Capacity Factor
Fuel Cost
Liquid Fission Thorium
10
90%+
Minimal (domestic Thorium)
Solar
20
13–23%
Zero (but requires replacement every 25–30 years)
Wind
20
30–40%
Zero (but requires major overhauls every 20 years)
Coal
50
70%
Ongoing (imported)
Natural Gas
60
50%
Ongoing (imported)
Solid Fission Uranium
60
90%
Ongoing (imported fuel)
This analysis demonstrates that liquid fission Thorium technology offers the lowest cost of electricity generation at approximately USD 10/MWh, compared to USD 20/MWh for solar and wind, and USD 50–60/MWh for conventional nuclear and fossil fuels. Over a 60–80 year operational lifespan, this cost advantage translates to hundreds of billions in economic savings.
Global Thorium Research Initiative: Morocco Joins the Vanguard?
Morocco’s potential with Thorium technology would align it with a global research trend. Major research institutions worldwide are investigating Thorium fuel cycles, positioning thorium as the future of sustainable nuclear energy:
China: Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP) — leading thorium research
Russia: Kurchatov Institute — advanced reactor design
France: Grenoble Institute of Technology — fuel cycle research
International: European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
India: Indian Atomic Energy Commission (DAE) — Thorium fuel cycle development
USA: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Texas A&M University — Thorium research centers
Canada: Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL)
Japan: Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
Denmark: Denmark Technical University (DTU)
Czech Republic: Nuclear Research Institute (NRI)
Brazil: Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN)
Germany: German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ)
This global research effort demonstrates the international recognition of Thorium’s potential as a long-term nuclear fuel solution. Morocco, by establishing a Thorium Research Centre and deploying liquid fission technology, would position itself at the forefront of this global energy revolution.
Building Africa’s Nuclear Innovation Hub: The Thorium Research Centre (TRC)
Morocco’s vast reserves of 30,000 tonnes of thorium — sitting largely untapped in its soil — represent far more than a commodity: they represent a pathway to energy independence, economic transformation, and regional leadership. The proposed Thorium Research Centre (TRC), with an estimated CHF 100 million investment and a 5-year development timeline, transforms Morocco from a resource-rich nation into a global hub for advanced nuclear innovation.
TRC Organisational Structure and Research Divisions
Housed in state-of-the-art facilities and powered by Liquid Fission Thorium technology, the TRC will operate five specialized divisions:
1. Power Generation Division
Development of supercritical CO₂ turbines for ultra-efficient electricity generation
Optimisation of liquid fission reactor designs for modular deployment
Integration with grid management systems for distributed energy
Testing and validation of reactor performance at commercial scale
2. Industrial Heat Applications Division
Hydrogen production via high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) at 750°C
Ammonia synthesis for fertilizer and fuel applications
Desalination for water security in arid regions
Steel and cement production using nuclear heat
Process heat for chemical and petrochemical industries
3. Medical Isotope Manufacturing Division
Production of medical isotopes for cancer diagnostics and therapy (Mo-99, Lu-177, I-131)
Blockchain-secured isotope tracking for patient safety and regulatory compliance
Development of Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) isotopes for advanced cancer treatment
Collaboration with global medical institutions for clinical trials and distribution
Export of medical isotopes to African and European markets
4. Environmental Research & Sustainability Division
Life-cycle analysis of Thorium fuel cycles versus uranium and fossil fuels
Environmental impact assessment of liquid fission technology
Waste management strategies for minimal environmental footprint
Water conservation studies for arid-region deployment
Carbon footprint reduction through nuclear energy transition
5. Fuel Security & Blockchain Tracking Division
Development of secure Thorium fuel supply chains from mining to reactor
Blockchain-based tracking of nuclear materials for non-proliferation compliance
Smart contract integration for fuel procurement and logistics
Real-time monitoring of fuel burnup and waste generation
International regulatory compliance and IAEA coordination
Economic Impact and Job Creation
Beyond research, the TRC promises transformative economic impact:
High-Skilled Job Creation: 500+ permanent positions in nuclear engineering, materials science, medical physics, and industrial applications
90% Cost Savings: Liquid Fission Thorium systems cost 90% less than conventional uranium-based nuclear
Export Opportunities: Medical isotopes, hydrogen, ammonia, and technical expertise for African and European markets
Technology Transfer: Training programs for African nations seeking nuclear energy independence
Supply Chain Development: Local manufacturing of reactor components, turbines, and specialised equipment
Strategic Partnerships and International Collaboration
The TRC’s success depends on strategic partnerships with global institutions such as:
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP), China: Thorium fuel cycle expertise and reactor design collaboration
Kurchatov Institute, Russia: Advanced reactor engineering and materials science
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), USA: Thorium research and medical isotope production
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): Regulatory framework and safety standards
European Nuclear Research Organizations: Technology transfer and hydrogen production research
You can read the presentation for the Thorium Research Centre here:
Storage Technology: Advancement in hydrogen storage solutions (salt caverns, metal hydrides, underground storage)
Transport Technology: Development of safe, efficient hydrogen transport methods (pipelines, ships, trucks)
End-User Solutions: Maturation of hydrogen fuel cells and combustion technologies for transport and industry
Infrastructure Standards: International standardization of hydrogen infrastructure and safety protocols
International Cooperation and Market Development
Technology Transfer: Access to advanced nuclear and hydrogen technologies from global partners
Capital Investment: International financing for large-scale nuclear and hydrogen projects
Export Markets: European and global markets for green hydrogen and ammonia
Regulatory Harmonisation: International standards for nuclear safety and hydrogen trade
Balanced Energy Mix Achievement
If renewables become cheaper and more reliable, and hydrogen storage and transport solutions mature, Morocco can achieve a balanced energy mix combining:
Nuclear Baseload: Stable, large-scale power generation (5–10 GW)
Renewable Generation: Wind and solar for peak and distributed generation (10–15 GW)
Hydrogen Production: Continuous green hydrogen production (4 million tonnes/year)
Energy Storage: Hydrogen and battery storage for grid flexibility
Strategic Resilience
This balanced approach provides:
Energy Security: Reduced fossil fuel imports and enhanced independence
Economic Competitiveness: Affordable, reliable electricity for industry and commerce
Decarbonization: Significant CO₂ emission reductions and air quality improvement
Regional Leadership: Position as clean energy hub for North Africa and Mediterranean region
Climate Resilience: Diversified energy portfolio reduces vulnerability to climate variability
Conclusion: Morocco’s Strategic Energy Transformation
Morocco possesses the resources, strategic location, and international partnerships necessary to transform its energy system from fossil fuel dependence to nuclear-renewable integration with green hydrogen production. The nation’s abundant uranium and thorium reserves, combined with excellent solar and wind resources, create a unique opportunity for comprehensive energy transformation.
Key Strategic Assets
7 million tonnes of uranium (6,500 years of supply)
30,000 tonnes of Thorium (1,000 years of supply, infinite with breeding)
Excellent solar and wind resources for renewable generation
Strategic geographic location for European energy exports
Established international partnerships with China, Russia, UAE, and European firms
USD 32.5 billion in approved green hydrogen and ammonia projects
Decades of nuclear science expertise and institutional capacity
Implementation Requirements
USD 70 billion CAPEX for 35 GW nuclear and renewable capacity
USD 5 billion for hydrogen infrastructure development
International partnerships for technology and capital
Regulatory framework supporting rapid deployment
Workforce development for nuclear and hydrogen sectors
Expected Outcomes by 2035
5 GW coal replacement with nuclear
4 million tonnes per year green hydrogen production
24 million tonnes per year green ammonia production
Enhanced energy security and economic competitiveness
50,000+ jobs in clean energy sectors
USD 30+ billion annually from hydrogen and ammonia exports
Morocco’s nuclear and renewable energy strategy represents a comprehensive, long-term vision for energy independence, economic development, and environmental sustainability. By coupling nuclear baseload power with renewable generation and green hydrogen production, Morocco can achieve energy transformation while positioning itself as a regional clean energy leader and exporter to European markets.
The pathway forward requires sustained commitment to international partnerships, strategic infrastructure investment, and technological innovation. With these elements in place, Morocco can transition from fossil fuel dependence to a sustainable, secure, and prosperous energy future powered by thorium, nuclear technology, and renewable sources.
This is not a distant dream — it is a strategic imperative. The time for Morocco to seize its energy sovereignty is now.
About the Presenter and The Thorium Network
Jeremiah Josey, Founder and Chairman of The Thorium Network, is a leading advocate for Thorium-based nuclear energy and advanced Liquid Fission technology. His presentation to Morocco’s Institut Royal des Études Stratégiques represents a pivotal moment in North Africa’s energy transition, bringing together scientific expertise, economic analysis, and strategic vision to demonstrate how thorium can power Morocco’s future.
The Thorium Network is a global organisation dedicated to advancing Thorium fuel cycle technology, promoting nuclear energy as essential to decarbonisation, and supporting nations seeking energy independence through advanced nuclear innovation.
This comprehensive analysis represents Morocco’s strategic opportunity to transform from a fossil fuel-dependent nation into Africa’s clean energy leader. By leveraging Thorium reserves, advanced nuclear technology, and renewable resources, Morocco can achieve energy independence, economic prosperity, and regional influence while contributing to global decarbonisation goals.
1) Study on Solar Power in Morocco by SAFE Fission ConsultTM a division of The Thorium Network
The Economics of Clean Energy: Why Nuclear Outperforms Renewables Over a Century
In his presentation to Morocco’s Royal Institute for Strategic Studies, Jeremiah Josey presented a groundbreaking economic analysis comparing the Xlinks Morocco-UK renewable project against nuclear power plants using CAP1000 and VVER-1200 technologies. The findings were striking: over a 100-year lifecycle, nuclear power delivers 3.6 GW of firm capacity at a levelized cost of €25–33 per MWh, while the Xlinks project — despite being zero-carbon — costs nearly €50 per MWh due to repeated replacements of solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, and subsea cables.
The numbers tell the story. Nuclear’s total lifetime cost: €78–105 billion. Xlinks’ total lifetime cost: €160 billion. Why the gap? Nuclear plants operate at ~90% capacity factor with minimal equipment replacement over their lifespan, while renewables require 5 solar replacements, 5 wind turbine overhauls, and 10 battery cycles — each a massive capital investment. When you factor in operating costs, maintenance, and the brutal maritime environment of Tan-Tan, Morocco, the renewable project’s financial burden becomes unsustainable. Nuclear’s superior return on investment (19–27% IRR) versus renewables (12% IRR) demonstrates why energy-independent nations are choosing atomic power for long-term stability.
